Tsarin tushe na ƙira, rayuwar sabis ɗin ƙira, lokacin dawowa - kuna bambanta a sarari?

Lokacin tushe na ƙira, rayuwar sabis ɗin ƙira, da lokacin dawowa ra'ayoyi ne na lokaci uku da injiniyoyi ke ci karo da su.Ko da yake Ƙa'idar Haɗaɗɗe don Ƙarfafa Tsarin Tsarin Injiniya
"Standards" (wanda ake kira "Standards") Babi na 2 "Sharuɗɗa" ya lissafa ma'anar lokacin ƙira da rayuwar sabis na ƙira, amma menene bambanci tsakanin su, an kiyasta cewa mutane da yawa har yanzu suna ɗan rikice.

1. Lokacin dawowa
Kafin mu shiga tattaunawar, bari mu sake nazarin “lokacin dawowa”.A labarinmu da ya gabata, sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 50 = sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 50?--Kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin ma'ana ta huɗu na saurin iskar da injiniyoyi ya kamata su sani, lokacin dawowar kaya yana nufin "matsakaicin tazara tsakanin abin da ya faru ko faruwar al'amari", da lokacin dawowar da aka auna a cikin "shekaru" da wuce gona da iri na shekara-shekara Yiwuwar yuwuwar ya yi daidai gwargwado.Misali, don nauyin iska tare da lokacin dawowa na shekaru 50, yuwuwar wuce gona da iri na shekara shine 2%;don lodin iska tare da lokacin dawowa na shekaru 100, yuwuwar wuce gona da iri shine 1%.

Domin nauyin iskar wanda yuwuwarta ta wuce shekara ta p, yuwuwar rashin wuce saurin iskar a cikin wata ƙayyadaddun shekara shine 1-p, kuma yuwuwar rashin wuce saurin iskar a cikin shekaru N shine (1-p) zuwa ƙarfin Nth. .Don haka, yuwuwar saurin iskar a cikin shekaru N ana iya ƙididdige shi ta wannan dabara:

Dangane da wannan dabarar: don nauyin iska a cikin lokacin dawowar shekaru 50, yuwuwar yuwuwar wuce gona da iri shine p=2%, kuma yuwuwar yuwuwar cikin shekaru 50 shine:

Yiwuwar Canji na Shekaru 100 yana ƙaruwa zuwa:

Kuma yiwuwar zarce a cikin shekaru 200 zai kai:

2. Tsara tushe lokaci
Daga misalin da ke sama, za mu iya gano cewa ga maɗaukakiyar lodi, ba shi da ma'ana kawai a ambaci yuwuwar wuce gona da iri ba tare da ambaton tsawon lokaci daidai ba.Bayan haka, mutane za su mutu a cikin dogon lokaci, yiwuwar wuce gona da iri zai kusan kusan 100%, kuma gine-gine zasu rushe (sai dai idan an rushe su kafin su rushe).Don haka, don haɗa ma'aunin ma'auni, wajibi ne a ƙididdige ma'aunin ma'auni na lokaci ɗaya a matsayin ma'auni na lokaci don ƙididdige ƙimar nauyi mai canzawa.Wannan ma'auni na lokaci shine "lokacin tunani na zane".

Mataki na ashirin da 3.1.3 na "Lambar Loading na Gine-gine" ya nuna cewa "za a yi amfani da lokacin ƙira na shekaru 50 lokacin da aka ƙayyade ƙimar wakilcin nauyin nauyi."Wannan tanadi ne na wajibi.Dalilin da ya sa ya zama wajibi shi ne cewa "babu wata ka'ida, babu wani da'irar murabba'i", ba tare da saita lokaci ba, ba shi da ma'ana don tattauna yiwuwar wuce nauyin kaya da ma'auni na aminci (yiwuwar gazawar) na tsarin. .