An kwatanta PV mai haɗin gine-gine a matsayin wurin da samfuran PV marasa gasa ke ƙoƙarin isa kasuwa.Amma hakan ba zai yi kyau ba, in ji Björn Rau, manajan fasaha kuma mataimakin darektan PVcomB a
Helmholtz-Zentrum a Berlin, wanda ya yi imanin cewa bacewar hanyar haɗin yanar gizon ta BIPV ta ta'allaka ne a tsakar ginin jama'ar ginin, masana'antar gini, da masana'antun PV.
Daga Mujallar PV
Babban ci gaban PV a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata ya kai kasuwar duniya kusan 100 GWp da aka girka a kowace shekara, wanda ke nufin ana samarwa da sayar da kusan 350 zuwa miliyan 400 na hasken rana.Duk da haka, haɗa su cikin gine-gine har yanzu kasuwa ce mai kyau.A cewar wani rahoto na baya-bayan nan daga aikin bincike na EU Horizon 2020 PVSITES, kusan kashi 2 cikin ɗari na ƙarfin PV da aka shigar an haɗa su cikin fatun gini a cikin 2016. Wannan ƙaramin adadi yana da ban mamaki musamman idan aka yi la'akari da cewa ana cinye sama da kashi 70 na makamashi.Dukkanin CO2 da ake samarwa a duk duniya ana cinye su a cikin birane, kuma kusan kashi 40 zuwa 50 na duk hayakin da ake fitarwa daga yankunan birane.
Don magance wannan ƙalubalen iskar gas da haɓaka samar da wutar lantarki, Majalisar Turai da Majalisar sun gabatar da 2010 Umarnin 2010/31 / EU game da aikin makamashi na gine-gine, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin ”Gidan Zero Energy Gine-gine (NZEB)”.Umarnin ya shafi duk sabbin gine-ginen da za a gina bayan shekarar 2021. Domin sabbin gine-ginen da za a gina cibiyoyin gwamnati, umarnin ya fara aiki a farkon wannan shekara.
Babu takamaiman matakan da aka ƙayyade don cimma matsayin NZEB.Masu ginin za su iya yin la'akari da abubuwan da suka dace na makamashi kamar rufi, farfadowa da zafi, da ra'ayoyin ceton wutar lantarki.Koyaya, tunda gabaɗayan ma'aunin makamashi na ginin shine makasudin tsari, samar da makamashin lantarki mai aiki a ciki ko kusa da ginin yana da mahimmanci don saduwa da ka'idodin NZEB.
Mai yuwuwa da ƙalubale
Babu shakka cewa aiwatar da PV zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara gine-gine na gaba ko kuma sake fasalin abubuwan gine-ginen da ake ciki.Ma'aunin NZEB zai zama abin motsa jiki wajen cimma wannan buri, amma ba shi kaɗai ba.Ana iya amfani da Ginin Haɗaɗɗen Hotovoltaics (BIPV) don kunna wuraren da ake da su ko saman don samar da wutar lantarki.Don haka, ba a buƙatar ƙarin sarari don kawo ƙarin PV cikin yankunan birane.Ƙimar wutar lantarki mai tsabta da aka samar ta hanyar haɗin PV yana da yawa.Kamar yadda Cibiyar Becquerel ta samu a cikin 2016, yuwuwar rabon tsarar BIPV a cikin yawan buƙatar wutar lantarki ya fi kashi 30 cikin ɗari a Jamus da ƙarin ƙasashen kudanci (misali Italiya) har ma da kusan kashi 40.
Amma me yasa mafita na BIPV har yanzu suna taka rawa kawai a cikin kasuwancin hasken rana?Me ya sa ba a yi la'akari da su ba a ayyukan gine-gine ya zuwa yanzu?
Don amsa waɗannan tambayoyin, Cibiyar Nazarin Helmholtz-Zentrum ta Jamus Berlin (HZB) ta gudanar da nazarin buƙatu a bara ta hanyar shirya taron bita da kuma sadarwa tare da masu ruwa da tsaki daga kowane yanki na BIPV.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa babu karancin fasaha a kowane daya.
A taron bitar HZB, mutane da yawa daga masana'antar gine-gine, waɗanda ke aiwatar da sabbin ayyukan gini ko gyare-gyare, sun yarda cewa akwai gibin ilimi game da yuwuwar BIPV da fasahar tallafi.Yawancin gine-gine, masu tsarawa, da masu ginin ba su da isasshen bayani don haɗa fasahar PV cikin ayyukansu.Sakamakon haka, akwai tanadi da yawa game da BIPV, kamar ƙira mai ban sha'awa, tsada mai tsada, da ƙaƙƙarfan hani.Don shawo kan waɗannan kuskuren da ke bayyana, bukatun masu gine-gine da masu ginin dole ne su kasance a kan gaba, kuma fahimtar yadda masu ruwa da tsaki ke kallon BIPV dole ne ya zama fifiko.
Canjin Tunani
BIPV ya bambanta ta hanyoyi da yawa daga tsarin hasken rana na rufin rufin gida na al'ada, wanda ba ya buƙatar juzu'i ko la'akari da abubuwan ado.Idan an haɓaka samfuran don haɗawa cikin abubuwan gini, masana'antun suna buƙatar sake tunani.Masu gine-gine, magina, da masu ginin gini da farko suna tsammanin aiki na al'ada a cikin fatar ginin.Daga ra'ayinsu, samar da wutar lantarki shine ƙarin dukiya.Baya ga wannan, masu haɓaka abubuwan BIPV masu aiki da yawa sun yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan.
- Haɓaka mafita na musamman na farashi mai inganci don abubuwan gini masu aiki da hasken rana tare da madaidaicin girman, siffar, launi, da nuna gaskiya.
- Haɓaka ma'auni da farashi masu ban sha'awa (mafi dacewa don kafaffen kayan aikin tsarawa, kamar Tsarin Bayanan Ginin (BIM).
- Haɗuwa da abubuwa na hotovoltaic a cikin abubuwan facade na labari ta hanyar haɗin kayan gini da abubuwan samar da makamashi.
- Babban juriya ga inuwa na wucin gadi (na gida).
- Kwanciyar kwanciyar hankali da lalacewa na dogon lokaci kwanciyar hankali da fitarwar wutar lantarki, da kuma kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci da lalacewar bayyanar (misali kwanciyar hankali).
- Haɓaka ra'ayoyin kulawa da kulawa don dacewa da ƙayyadaddun yanayi (la'akari da tsayin shigarwa, maye gurbin na'urori masu lahani ko abubuwan facade).
- da bin ka'idodin doka kamar aminci (ciki har da kariyar wuta), lambobin gini, lambobin makamashi, da sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-09-2022